| Soft Systems and Theory of Constraints Approach to Strategic Planning for the Semnan Silk Road Tourism Development |
| کد مقاله : 1358-ITCS |
| نویسندگان |
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ساسان سپاسی1، عظیم زارعی *2 1شرکت مجتمع گاز پارس جنوبی 2استاددانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری |
| چکیده مقاله |
| Tourism along the Semnan segment of the ancient Silk Road faces persistent governance fragmentation, limited inter-agency coordination, and uneven spatial distribution of visitors. Conventional master plans often fail to capture the complex, socio-technical nature of regional tourism systems. This study adopts a participatory and systemic lens by integrating Soft Systems Methodology with the Theory of Constraints Thinking Processes to diagnose underlying structural barriers and design a traceable framework for sustainable development. Using a multi-source qualitative design that combined secondary data—policy reports, media interviews, heritage inventories, and regional plans—with semi-structured expert interviews, the research applied a four-stage systemic inquiry: identifying undesirable effects, building a current reality tree, mapping conflicts through evaporating clouds, and designing a future reality tree. Findings reveal that the absence of a route-level governance structure and capacity-management regime constitutes the core constraint limiting strategic coherence. The integrated approach generates systemic “injections”—heritage-led product design and a one-stop permitting cell—that align stakeholders while preserving cultural integrity. The study contributes a transparent, auditable planning model for heritage-based tourism regions under complex institutional settings. |
| کلیدواژه ها |
| Soft Systems Methodology (SSM); Theory of Constraints-Thinking process (TOC-TP); Systemic Tourism Planning; Silk Road; Governance; Sustainability. |
| وضعیت: پذیرفته شده |